Top 10 largest cities of France by population

In this blog post I compiled a short list that refers to the 10 largest cities of France by population based on communes. The list starts with the French capital, Paris which is by far the most populous city in the country.

The largest cities of France and the communes

Before starting the list, there is one thing I want to explain. It’s about what the French call ‘une commune‘.

A commune is the basic unit of local administration in the French Republic. Each one is run by a municipal council (le conseil municipal) whose leader is the mayor (le maire).

There are 35,357 communes in France in 2018 of various surface areas. The data was compiled by INSEE, the French National Statistical Office for the 2015 census. Most importantly, these figures do not include the population of the town’s metropolitan area nor its suburbs.

This explains why Lyon is number 3 behind Marseille. If counted with the metropolitan area, the population of Lyon is by far greater than that of Marseille (see the table at the end of this article).

The population of France

Did you know France has a population of 67,795,000 (2018)?

This includes 65 million in metropolitan France (that is mainland France located in Europe). The country is the 20th most populous in the world, representing 0.87% of the total world population.

The top 10 largest cities of France

Map of the Top 10 Largest Cities of France © French Moments

Alrighty, let’s start with number 1 – you’d have guessed – the French Capital!

Largest cities of France #1. Paris

Paris in May from Pantheon © French Moments

• Population: 2,190,327 (2016)
• Département of Paris, region of Île de France.
• Paris, the capital of France, is watered by the Seine River. One of Europe’s largest cities, Paris and its suburbs are also France’s most populous urban area with 12,292,895 inhabitants (2011 census). The history of the city dates back to the 3rd century BC when it became a Celtic town of the Parisii tribe, later conquered by the Romans who called it Lutetia (French: Lutèce). Paris is home to many famous monuments: the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame cathedral, the Arc de Triomphe, the Louvre Palace and museum, the Orsay Museum, the Hôtel des Invalides, the Panthéon, the basilica of Sacré-Cœur…
• Read more about Paris on the blog.
• Tourist office of Paris
• Book a hotel in Paris!

Largest cities of France #2. Marseille

Marseille and Notre-Dame de la Garde in the distance © Olivier Risnes

• Population: 862,211 (2016)
• Département of Bouches-du-Rhône, region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur.
• The town is located on France’s south coast and is the country’s largest port for commerce, freight and cruise ships. Marseille was known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as Massalia. Main sights include the Old Port (Vieux-Port), the Canebière main street, the Cathedral of Sainte-Marie-Majeure, the castle of If, and the 19th century basilica of Notre-Dame de la Garde.
• Tourist office of Marseille
• Book a hotel in Marseille!

Largest cities of France #3. Lyon

Autumn in Lyon © French Moments

• Population: 513,275 (2015)
• Département of Rhône, region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
• Lyon is a major tourist site with its old town (Vieux-Lyon, Presqu’Île) and a Unesco-World Heritage site. Founded by the Romans, Lyon grew where the Rhône and the Saône meet. This commercial and cultural hub in Eastern France is now reputed for being the French capital of gastronomy.
• Read more about Lyon on the blog.
• Tourist office of Lyon
• Book a hotel in Lyon!

Largest cities of France #4. Toulouse

Toulouse Old Town © Ceridwen – licence [CC BY-SA 3.0] from Wikimedia Commons

• Population: 475,438 (2016)
• Département of Haute-Garonne, region of Occitania.
• Read more about Toulouse on the blog.
• Located in the south-west of France, Toulouse has been affectionally nicknamed by the locals as the “Pink City” because it is mainly built from clay bricks. The main sights of Toulouse are the Capitole, the Old Town and the banks of the Garonne River (listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site).
• Tourist office of Toulouse
• Book a hotel in Toulouse!

Largest cities of France #5. Nice

Nice Harbour © Nice OT

• Population: 342,637 (2016)
• Département of Alpes-Maritime, region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur.
• Located in the French Riviera, on the Mediterranean coast Nice lies at the foot of the Alps. The metropolitan area of Nice has a population of about 1 million. The city is nicknamed Nice la Belle – Nice the Beautiful. The natural beauty of Nice and its region, enjoying a mild Mediterranean climate, drew the English upper classes in the second half of the 18th century. Nice is famous for its main seaside promenade, the Promenade des Anglais (“Walkway of the English”).
• Tourist office of Nice
• Book a hotel in Nice!

Largest cities of France #6. Nantes

Nantes © Adam Bishop – licence [CC BY-SA 3.0] from Wikimedia Commons

• Population: 306,694 (2016)
• Département of Loire-Atlantique, historic province of Brittany, region of Pays-de-la-Loire.
• Situated about 50kms from the Atlantic Ocean, Nantes is known as the most dynamic and attractive city in the western part of France. In 2004, Time magazine described Nantes as the ‘most liveable city in Europe’. Nantes was for a long time the capital city of the Duchy of Brittany although today it doesn’t belong to the administrative region of Brittany. Mains sights include the cathedral, the castle of the dukes of Brittany and the passage Pommeraye. 
• Read more about Nantes on the blog.
• Tourist office of Nantes
• Book a hotel in Nantes!

Largest cities of France #7. Montpellier

Montpellier © Olivier Risnes

• Population: 281,613 (2016)
• Département of Hérault, region of Occitania.
• Situated in southern France near the coast of the Mediterranean sea, Montpellier is one of the France’s fastest-growing cities. The centre of the town is the Place de la Comédie. Other main sights include the historic centre with many hôtels particuliers (mansions built from the 16th-18th centuries), Saint-Pierre cathedral, the Porte du Peyrou and the Antigone district.
• Tourist office of Montpellier
• Book a hotel in Montpellier!

Largest cities of France #8. Strasbourg

Strasbourg and the European District seen from the cathedral © French Moments

• Population: 279,284 (2016)
• Département of Bas-Rhin, historic province of Alsace, region of Grand-Est.
• The capital of the historic region of Alsace is situated at the border with Germany on the Rhine. The city is home to a couple of European institutions (European Parliament, Council of Europe). The old town (the ‘Grande Île’ boasts a number of popular sites including the Gothic cathedral and the Petite France district.
• Read more about Strasbourg on the blog.
• Tourist office of Strasbourg
• Book a hotel in Strasbourg!

Largest cities of France #9. Bordeaux

Bordeaux, a general view © French Moments

• Population: 252,040 (2016)
• Département of Gironde, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
• The name of Bordeaux is famous worldwide for the reputation of its wine. Ideally located on the bend of the Garonne, and close to the Atlantic Ocean, Bordeaux remains a great maritime harbour and an active trading city. The historic town has been listed as a World Heritage site by Unesco. Bordeaux’ highlights are the luxurious Place de la Bourse, the very wealthy “golden triangle” district, the St. Andrew cathedral, the basilica of St Michel, pont de pierre, Porte Cailhau and the Grosse Cloche old belfry.
• Read more about Bordeaux on the blog.
• Tourist office of Bordeaux
• Book a hotel in Bordeaux!

Largest cities of France #10. Lille

Grand’Place in Lille © Laurent Ghesquière

• Population: 232,440 (2016)
• Département of Nord, region of Hauts-de-France.
• The once industrial Lille lies at the centre a triangle Paris-London-Brussels. Its restored old town is famous for its flamboyant architecture, a perfect harmony of brick and stone on richly decorated façades, is reminiscent of a prosperous past. Today, Lille, on the border with Belgium, is a thriving city with more than one million inhabitants and a plethora of restaurants, brasseries and cafés.
• Read more about Lille on the blog.
• Tourist office of Lille
• Book a hotel in Lille!

Other large cities in France (#11 to #50)

Other large cities in France include:

• #11. Rennes (pop. 215,366) 
• #12. Reims (184,076)
• #13. Le Havre (172,366)
• #14. Saint-Etienne (171,057)
• #15. Toulon (167,479)
• #16. Grenoble (160,649)
• #17. Dijon (155,114)
• #18. Angers (151,520)
• #19. Nîmes (150,672)
• #20. Villeurbanne (148,665)

Le Havre © French Moments

Grenoble © French Moments

Palais des Ducs de Bourgogne Dijon © Christophe.Finot – licence [CC BY-SA 2.5] from Wikimedia Commons

The west front of Reims Cathedral © French Moments

• #21. Saint-Denis – Reunion island (146,985)
• #22. Le Mans (143,325)
• #23. Aix-en-Provence (142,668)
• #24. Clermont-Ferrand (141,398)
• #25. Brest (139,163)
• #26. Tours (136,252)
• #27. Limoges (133,627)
• #28. Amiens (132,874)
• #29. Annecy (125,694)
• #30. Perpignan (121,934)

Palais des Ducs de Bourgogne Dijon © Christophe.Finot – licence [CC BY-SA 2.5] from Wikimedia Commons

Gare de Limoges Bénédictins © Booklm – licence [CC BY-SA 2.0] from Wikimedia Commons

Place Plumereau Tours © Thierry de Villepin – licence [CC BY-SA 3.0] from Wikimedia Commons

View of the Annecy old town from the Pont Perrière © French Moments

• #31. Boulogne-Billancourt (117,931)
• #32. Metz (117,492)
• #33. Besançon (116,676)
• #34. Orléans (114,644)
• #35. Saint-Denis (111,103)
• #36. Argenteuil (110,388)
• #37. Mulhouse (110,370)
• #38. Rouen (110,169)
• #39. Montreuil (106,691)
• #40. Caen (106,260)

Besançon © French Moments

The old town of Metz from Place de la Comédie © French Moments

General view of Mulhouse © French Moments

View of Rouen from the Côte Sainte-Catherine © French Moments

• #41. Saint-Paul – Reunion island (105,967)
• #42. Nancy (105,162)
• #43. Nouméa (99,926)
• #44. Tourcoing (96,809)
• #45. Roubaix (96,077)
• #46. Nanterre (93,742)
• #47. Vitry-sur-Seine (92,531)
• #48. Avignon (92,130)
• #49. Créteil (90,739)
• #50. Dunkerque (88,876) 

The City-Hall of Dunkirk and its belfry © Ville de Dunkerque

Viaduc Kennedy, Nancy © French Moments

Place de la Carrière in Nancy © French Moments

Avignon, Palais des Papes © French Moments

France’s top 10 largest urban units

When the cities are considered with their suburbs, the list shows major shifts in the ranking.

The suburban area is called or “agglomération” or more technically “unité urbaine” (urban unit) by the French national statistics office (INSEE). It is made up of a contiguously built-up area centred on a larger commune.

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