Let's imagine Louis XIV and Mazarin meeting in October 1648, when Europe awoke from a thirty-year nightmare. In Münster and Osnabrück, pens finally replaced cannons: the Peace of ... Read more!
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The Peace of Westphalia and Alsace : from Habsburg to France
This research on the Peace of Westphalia and Alsace tells how a peace treaty signed in 1648 not only ended the Thirty Years’ War, but also changed the fate ... Read more!
The Peace of Westphalia: The 1648 Treaties That Redrew Europe
The Peace of Westphalia: The End of an Endless War By the mid-seventeenth century, Europe was exhausted. For thirty years, the continent had been ravaged by a conflict of ... Read more!
